An Enhanced Biometric System for ATM Amount Withdrawals Using Iris Biometric Recognition Method

Abstract

A biometric system provides automatic recognition of an individual based on some sort of unique feature or characteristic possessed by the individual. Biometric systems have been developed based on fingerprints, facial features, voice, hand geometry, handwriting, the retina / iris. We are living in the age, in which the demand on security is increasing greatly. Consequently, biometric recognition, which is a safe, reliable and convenient technology for personal recognition, appears. This technology makes use of physiological or behavioral characteristics to identify individual. A biometric system is a pattern recognition system including acquiring the biometric feature from individual, extracting the feature vector from the raw data and comparing this feature vector to another person’s feature vector. Fingerprint, palm-prints, face, iris, gait, speech and signature are widely used biometric features. Biometric recognition can be used in computer network login, internet access, ATM, credit card, national ID card, driver’s license and so on. Nowadays, fingerprint recognition is used widely and successfully. Face recognition is studied by many scholars and experts. Iris recognition is a relatively new branch of biometric recognition. The human iris is the annular part between pupil and sclera. It has distinct feature such as freckles, coronas, stripes, furrows and so on. The retina is the neural part of the eye responsible for vision and the pattern of blood vessels serving the retina is as unique as a fingerprint. The iris is biological feature of a human. It is a unique structure of human which remains stable over a person lifetime. The iris is the annular region of the eye. The left and right irises of an individual can be treated as separate unique identifier. A sample human eye image is given in the below diagram. The iris information can be collected by iris image. The accuracy of iris based recognition system is promising. Each iris is believed to be distinctive and even the irises of identical twins are also different [1]. The iris recognition system has become more users friendly and cost effective. The iris have a very low false accept rate as compared to other biometrics like finger print, face, hand geometry and voice. Iris scans use the characteristics more similar to fingerprints than to the retinal vein pattern. The colored part of the eye appears to be as unique as fingerprints and retina. Scanning technology takes advantage of crypts, furrows, ridges, striatations, ligaments, and collaret. While 240 points are recorded, the image size is 512 bytes, over ten times larger than a retinal scan. The main advantage of the iris scans is the ability to perform them from a distance of up to three feet and short time of scan of only 20 seconds initially, with subsequent identification requiring only two seconds. Glasses and contact lenses do not interfere with the scanning process and identification.